A Primary Arithmetic

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Excerpt from A Primary Arithmetic: Uniting Oral and Written Exercises in a Natural System of Instruction The true method of imparting to a child a clear comprehension of the value of numbers, the foundation of arithmetical knowledge, consists of three steps, viz.: 1. The perception of numbers represented by objects in sight. 2. The conception of numbers applied to objects not in sight. 3. The conception of numbers not applied to objects. A knowledge of the elementary combinations of numbers is best communicated in the same manner. A faithful observance of this natural order constitutes one of the characteristic features of this first book in arithmetic. Abstract numbers and operations arc reached, in practice as well as in theory, as the final step. The plan every-where observed is, first, Physical Objects (in sight or represented by pictures), secondly, Concrete Numbers, and, thirdly, Abstract Numbers. In this and other evident features, the book is a practical embodiment of the simplest and most vital principles of the inductive method of instruction. But the distinguishing feature of the book, as well as of the Series of which it forms a part, is the complete union of Mental (Oral) and Written Arithmetic. This is secured, not by scattering a few miscellaneous slate exercises through the work, but by making every oral exercise preparatory to a written one, and by uniting both as the essential complements of each other. Slate and blackboard exercises are introduced at the very beginning of the course, and are continued, increasing in number and difficulty, to the end. Each lesson gives the pupil something to do, as well as something to study. Two other noticeable features of the book are the great variety of exercises - the object being to make the pupil accurate and rapid in combining small numbers - and their preëminently progressive character. Attention may also be called to the presentation of converse operations, as Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division, in connection with each other, as well as separately, to the converse forms of the tables and their non memoriter character, and, also, to the superior typography, and the number, beauty, and utility of the illustrations. It is hoped that these and other features will commend the work to all intelligent and progressive teachers. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.