Analysis and Interpretation of Cardiac Diseases using Heart Signal

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Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most simple, easily accessible, affordable, feasible and non-obtrusive examinations that evaluate the heart's electrical system to detect heart diseases. The chronic disease that causes the most number of deaths worldwide is Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). It isn¿t only a concern of developed nations but also the contrary. In a report authored by the WHO in 2005, it is mentioned that about 80 percent of deaths throughout the world caused by cardiovascular disease happen in low-income and middle income nations. Heart Sound (HS) and ElectroCardioGram (ECG) auscultation are the most commonly used tools for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, providing complementary information like facilitating evaluation of the electrical action of the heart (ECG) and providing information about the mechanical action of the heart (HS). Some of the other signals like PPG (PhotoPlethysmoGram) and ICG (Impedance CardioGram) are still employed in research scenarios but less used in day-to-day practice. ECG as shown in figure 1 is a graphical representation of heart muscle electrical Activation (Depolarization) and Relaxation (Repolarization). It is represented by various waves, segments and intervals. ¿P¿ wave depicts atrial (upper chamber of the heart) depolarization. ¿PR¿ interval gives information about the conduction of electrical impulse from upper chamber to lower chamber of the heart. ¿QRS¿ wave depicts depolarization of Ventricle (lower chamber of the heart). ¿ST¿ segment and ¿T¿ wave give information about repolarisation of the Ventricle (lower chamber of the heart). Predominant part of the ECG which depicts blockage is ¿ST segment¿. Commonly, ECG is taken in 12 lead formats. There are many more leads, taken in specific circumstances. Different lead views of cardiac electrical activity from various directions in both horizontal and frontal axis can also be captured for identifying and localizing the problem with reasonable accuracy.