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- Compellence and the Strategic Culture of Imperial Japan
Compellence and the Strategic Culture of Imperial Japan
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Compellence is a fundamental tool of international security policy. This study explains how culture shapes the ways that decision-makers respond to the threat of force. Morgan builds a theoretical framework and analyzes three cases in which states attempted to compel Japan to change its behavior. The first is an in-depth analysis of the 1895 "triple intervention" in which Russia, Germany, and France forced Japanese leaders to return the Liaotung Peninsula to China following the first Sino-Japanese War. The second and third relate to World War II: the 1941 oil embargo intended to coerce Tokyo to withdraw its military from China and Washington's 1945 efforts to force Japan to end the war. These cases explain much of the seemingly irrational behavior previously attributed to Japanese leaders.
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