Cyclopædia of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 9

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Excerpt from Cyclopædia of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 9: Diseases of the Female Mammary Glands and New Growths of the UterusNderneath the skin, on each side of the sternum, are situated two glands which in the female alone reach their fullest develop ment, although they are similarly situated in both sexes. They form soft hemispherical projections above the surface of the body, and extend, when well-developed, vertically from the third to the seventh rib, and horizontally from the edge of the sternum to the anterior border of the axillary space, being situated for the most part on the pectoralis major muscle, and to a less degree on the serratus magnus (luschka). It is worthy of note that these glands, at the same period of life and under similar functional conditions, differ in size, not only in different women, but also in the same individuals, and that there is no fixed relation between their size and that of the body. The circumference of the gland depends not only upon the amount of the gland-substance, but to a great degree upon the amount of the superimposed adipose tissue. Very near the middle of each gland is situated the nipple, in which the excretory ducts empty, and around which the skin is of a light rose-red or brown color for a distance of IA inches. According to Hennig the mammary gland has frequently a three-cornered shape, and one can distinguish an inner and two outer (an upper and a lower) extremities, the upper external extremity not infrequently sends out a process which extends under the pectoralis major muscle nearly to the axillary glands. The nipple does not generally denote the central point Of the denuded gland, but is some what internal to and above it. The right mammary gland is usually somewhat larger and heavier than the left.The mammary glands belong to the class of aggregate acinose glands.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.