Identifying German Character Dolls

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A challenge to artists in Munich, Germany, in 1908 changed the doll industry forever. Invited by the Hermann Tietz department store to create dolls resembling real children, a group of artists responded by making dolls bearing remarkably lifelike expressions, wearing "children-of-the street" clothing . The overwhelmingly positive reaction to the exhibition of their work at the store inspired major German doll manufacturers to produce a new kind of doll, one very different from those that had dominated doll-making up to that time. This was the birth of what has become known as the German character doll. Character dolls were produced in the first few decades of the twentieth century by a wide range of manufacturers and are highly sought-after by collectors today. For years confusion has abounded as to the proper identification of these dolls, as different factories made different parts and yet other factories, often relying on home workers, assembled the dolls. In this comprehensive, profusely illustrated book, veteran researcher Mary Gorham Krombholz unravels the mysteries behind the production of these dolls and identifies the makers of their bisque heads. Relying on firsthand research, often conducted on the very grounds in Germany where they were made, and primary sources, she documents the complex and labour-intensive processes by which character dolls were produced in the two major doll-making areas of Thuringia: Waltershausen and Sonneberg. Individual and group photographs of over 800 character dolls, accompanied by detailed captions including highlighted markings, dominate this invaluable volume. Personal historical accounts by those who worked for the doll manufacturers, along with hand-coloured period photos, shed light on the specific tasks entailed in every aspect of the doll-making process, from mould making to glass-eye blowing to assembling the shipping boxes. Unequalled in depth and breadth, this is an enlightening and enthralling reference that every character-doll collector must own.