IoT Based Fuzzy Expert System for Flood Detection and Avoidance

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A fuzzy expert system is a type of expert system that uses fuzzy logic to represent and reason with imprecise or uncertain knowledge. Expert systems are artificial intelligence (AI) programs that are designed to mimic the decision-making abilities of a human expert in a specific domain. They are composed of a knowledge base, which contains information about the domain, and an inference engine, which uses the knowledge base to make decisions or provide recommendations. Fuzzy expert systems differ from traditional expert systems in that they are able to handle uncertainty and imprecision in the knowledge base. They do this by using fuzzy logic, which allows for the representation of partial truths and gradations of truth rather than just binary true or false values. This makes fuzzy expert systems well-suited for domains where there may be a lack of precise data or where the relationships between variables are not clearly defined. Flood detection is the process of identifying the presence and extent of a flood, either in real-time or in the aftermath of a flood event. Flood detection can be achieved through a variety of methods, including the use of remote sensing technologies such as satellites, radar, and aerial photography, as well as ground-based sensors and measurements such as river gauges and weather stations. Flood detection is important for a number of reasons, including flood warning and forecasting, disaster response, and risk assessment and management. By identifying the location and severity of a flood, authorities and emergency responders can take appropriate actions to protect people, infrastructure, and property. Floods have been classified into two categories including periodic flood and aperiodic flood. Periodic floods happen due to rivers in pre-decided flood plains. On the other hand, aperiodic floods are random and happen in forms of waterlogging, heavy rain induced floods, flash floods, and cloudburst-induced floods. Many flood avoidance strategies are in practice to avoid these floods but no one helps appropriately. In all the flood, urban flood always harms humans. These never provide any benefit as periodic provides in agriculture while instead of benefits, aperiodic floods sometimes create deadly disasters as indicated. To avoid both kinds of flood many techniques are in use. For avoiding periodic floods, two main techniques are available on which organizations and governments have focused including river connectivity projects and dam development projects. On the other hand, to avoid the aperiodic flood, different techniques are in use. These techniques include drainage management, by developing a drainage system, installation of sandbags or dike development.