Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 86

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Excerpt from Minutes of Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 86: With Other Selected and Abstracted PapersThe clay is first dug and carried to the wash-mill, where it is mixed with water in about equal parts by volume, and worked up to a thin slurry. In nearly all cases where stock-bricks are made, a chalk-mill adjoins the wash-mill. The chalk is also mixed with water and worked or ground up to a thin paste. Occasionally one mill is used both for clay and chalk, where the latter is soft and soluble. This chalk is run into the clay-mill, and there it is thoroughly incorporated with the washed earth. The chalk is added to the extent of 10 to 15 per cent. By volume, mainly for the superior colour it gives to stock-bricks, though it also acts as a ¿ux or binding material, without which it would be impos sible to make bricks out of some of the very sandy loams now used.The slurry is mostly raised by elevators or pumps, so that it may run into reservoirs, technically called wash-backs, about 100 feet square, and 5 or 6 feet deep. When the levels of the field will permit, the wash - mills are so placed that the Slurry runs into the backs by gravitation. The backs are generally divided into two parts, in order that one part may first be filled, and the Slurry in it may thus have more time to dry and be ready for use at the beginning Of the season. Where the clay is free from stones, a layer some 3 feet deep is often wheeled direct into the backs before the washed earth is allowed to run in. This saves some of the expense of washing, and also allows the washed earth to become set, ready for moulding, much sooner than would other wise be the case.About the PublisherForgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.comThis book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.