Noninvasive Electrical Imaging of the Heart

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Non-invasive electrical imaging of the heart aims to quantitatively reconstruct information about the electrical activity of the heart from multiple ECG measurements. It has the potential to provide more information about the underlying cardiac electrical activity than is currently provided by a standard 12- lead ECG. This book presents the computational framework required to produce such information. The procedures required to create a subject specific cardiac and torso models are presented. Inverse methods based on the two predominant electrocardiographic sources (epicardial potentials and myocardial activation times) are described in detail. Myocardial activation times are computed based on the Critical Point Theorem while epicardial potentials are computed using Tikhonov and Truncated SVD methods as well as Greensite's spatial and temporal regularisation method. The regularisation parameters for the epicardial potentials are determined using a variety of methods (e.g., CRESO criterion, L-curve, zero-crossing). The accuracy and reliability of the different methods were compared in a simulation study in the presence of a variety of modelling errors.