Potential for Carfree Development in the UK

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This thesis proposes a definition and typology of carfree development. It assesses the benefits and problems associated with 'European style' carfree development and explores the potential demand for it, and the circumstances under which it might be feasible, in the UK. Through a review of the literature and study visits to European carfree areas, 3 types of carfree development were identified: the Vauban model, Limited Access model and pedestrianised city centres with substantial residential populations. To assess potential demand in the UK, two surveys were conducted: an online national survey aimed at members of environmental and cycling groups and a postal survey in Camden, London, followed by qualitative telephone interviews with a subset from both surveys. The findings revealed that potential demand for carfree housing is concentrated amongst 'Carfree Choosers' - people who currently live without cars by choice. These are mainly found in the inner areas of larger cities, where the greatest potential for carfree development exists. Some potential may also exist in suburban or exurban centres well served by multiple public transport connections.