Principles of Electron Optics, Volume 4

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This second edition of Principles of Electron Optics: Wave Optics provides a self-contained, modern account of electron optical phenomena with the Dirac or Schrödinger equation as starting point. A knowledge of this branch of the subject is essential to understand electron propagation in electron microscopes as well as electron holography and coherence. This final volume of Principles of Electron Optics, which includes two new chapters on Wigner optics and on vortex beams and the quantum electron microscope, opens with a revised account of beam-specimen interactions where it is shown that structure can be recovered from thick specimens by an iterative sequence. Electron optics based on the multislice method is now fully covered. The long section on electron image processing contains an updated account of 3D reconstruction in which such topics as deep learning, compressed sensing and the use of artificial neural networks are explained and their role in combating the missing-wedge problem is sketched. Image formation can advantageously be described in terms of the Wigner function, which makes entanglement easier to comprehend. The theory forms the subject of a new chapter. The book ends with a detailed, lavishly illustrated description of vortex beams and an account of the present status of the quantum electron microscope of the future. This volume is an essential complement to Volume 3, where interference and holography, image formation and statistical methods are presented.