Sustainability

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Portney takes as his starting point the 1987 definition by the World Commission on Environment and Development of sustainability as economic development activity that ¿meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.¿ At its heart, Portney explains, sustainability focuses on the use and depletion of natural resources. It is not the same as environmental protection or natural resource conservation, it is more about finding some sort of steady state so that the earth can support both human population and economic growth. Portney looks at political opposition to the promotion of sustainability, which usually questions the need for sustainability or calls its costs unacceptable, collective and individual consumption of material goods and resources and to what extent they must be curtailed to achieve sustainability, the role of the private sector, and the co-opting of sustainability by corporations, government policy on sustainability at the international, national, and subnational levels, and how cities could become models for sustainability action.