The New American Cyclopedia, Vol. 7

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Excerpt from The New American Cyclopedia, Vol. 7: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, Edward-Fueros Bruce, ' 1n violation of the truce between Scot land and England, sent an army of men under Randolf and Douglas, which ravaged the county of Cumberland. Young Edward march ed to the north with over men, made a vain pursuit of the Scots, came up with them twice when they were in inaccessible positions, is recorded to have wept when he found him self out-generalled by the skill of an inferior enemy, and concluded an inglorious campaign by a treaty in which the entire independence of Scotland was recognized. The odium of this set tlement was thrown upon Isabella and Mortimer, who increased their unpopularity by intrigues the earl of Kent, whom they caused to be executed for high treason in 1330. At the age of 18, Edward, having determined to assert his own authority against his mother and her favorite, contrived their arrest. Mortimer was executed for high treason at Smithfield, and Isabella was confined for the rest of her life in the manor of Risings. Immediately after assum ing the government be renewed his father's and grandfather's project of conquering Scotland, and secretly encouraged the claim of Edward Baliol to the crown of that country, who was willing to hold it as a fief of the English mon arch. Baliol won the crown and lost it Within 8 months, and the mcursions of the Scots gave to Edward the retext which he desired to re new the war an attempt to restore the refugee. He laid siege to Berwick, and (july 19, 1333) defeated on Halidon hill with great loss the army of the regent Douglas, who had approach ed for its relief. The town and castle were im mediately surrendered, and Baliol being again seated on the throne of Scotland dismembered the kin ngdom by a large cession of territory to Englan a measure which was followed b his ¿ight to England within 4 months. T'hree times Edward invaded and devastated Scotland in support of Baliol, but had not conquered the independent spirit of the country when he suf fered the war to languish, having determined to lay claim to the crown of France against Philip of Valois. The ground of this preten sion was, that although females were excluded from the French throne, the male descendants of females were not, and that as the son of Isabel la, the daughter of Charles IV. His claim was better than that of Philip, who was descended from a younger brother of Charles IV. To carry his mighty design into execution, he made alli ance with several continental princes and rulers, the chief of whom were Louis of Bavaria, em petor of Germany, the dukes of Brabant and Gueldres, and Artevelde of Ghent. Edward formally published his claim m 1337, and m the following year sailed with a numerous ¿eet to Antwerp, designing to begin the campaign with the siege of Cambrai, but perceiving the di¿i culty of the enterprise, be advanced into France with about men, was almost confronted with an army of nearly double the force under. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully, any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.